External Crucial P310 1TB SSD M.2 Drive Failed

FYI, it appears you posted information about the "Macintosh HD" boot volume for your internal 250GB SSD of your M-series Mac. That is irrelevant for an external SSD issue.

As others have mentioned, most SSD failures occur suddenly & the physical drive will not be seen by the system. The fact Disk Utility sees the physical SSD tells me the SSD has probably not failed (most SSD failures are triggered at powering on/connecting the SSD & waking from sleep). If the SSD suddenly disappears why transferring large amounts of data, then it may indicate the SSD's controller is overheating & crashing (nearly impossible to recover data yourself if this is the case).

Since we have no idea what has occurred, then you need to proceed carefully since you have at least 200GB of data you want to recover. Hopefully your data recovery app is able to find the files using just a Quick scan so it can retrieve the file names & folder structures & locations. If the data recovery app requires using a Thorough or Deep Scan, then most likely you will be overwhelmed by the data recovered as well as the lack of file names & folder structures. A Thorough or Deep Scan looks at the raw storage blocks for data types the recovery app understands which is why file names & folder structures are lost.

To attempt to check the health of the external Crucial SSD, you can run the third party app DriveDx (free trial period). If the SSD is connected using USB, then you will need to install a special USB driver to attempt to allow the necessary communication to the SSD's health information....It is possible your enclosure/dock/hub/adapter won't allow the necessary communication.

Post the complete DriveDx text report here using the "Additional Text" icon which looks like a piece of paper on the forum editing toolbar. A manual interpretation of the DriveDx health report of an SSD by someone experienced with analyzing SSD health reports is needed since not all "Warnings" and "Failing" conditions are fatal for an SSD (most are not fatal, it just indicates a problem was encountered & may require resetting the SSD to resolve it). Maybe this health report will tell us whether the SSD encountered a problem or whether the issue is caused by something else. Unfortunately many NVMe SSDs only have very basic health information available....I'm not sure what this Crucial SSD may provide us.

If you are able to recover your files, it may be possible to use a Terminal command to attempt to replace the main partition table with the backup partition table. However, you don't want to modify anything on the SSD until after you have recovered the data as best as you can.

What file system was being used on the Crucial SSD?

As someone else mentioned, I'm also concerned about the SSD enclosure being used. That enclosure/hub/dock/adapter could be the source of the problem. Try connecting the SSD directly to the computer & disconnect all other external devices in case one of them is causing a problem. Also try connecting the SSD to a powered hub or dock to provide more power to the SSD as well as buffering the SSD from the Mac. You may find you may not need any data recovery software.

FYI, people need to have frequent & regular backups of their computer and all external media (including the cloud) which contains important & unique data.