iPhone Mirroring stops working after restoring from TimeMachine

I restored my MacBook Air from TimeMachine and iPhone Mirroring is not working. My phone is not listed in the Settings or System Setting, and hence there's no way for me to remove it and set it up again.

I've tried signing out from my iCloud account and in again, as well as removing iCloud Keychain Access. However, neither has solved the issue.

Wonder anyone has experienced the same issue and was able to fix it? Thanks in advance!