Copy all photos & videos from iPhone to hard drive?

Hi, and welcome to the Apple (user-to-user) Community!

Re: "Copy all photos & videos from iPhone to hard drive?

I've tried doing it online, but iCloud Photos didn't work either."

There are various ways to go about achieving the goal you have.... perhaps something below ?

Would it help to see how to: Set up and use iCloud Photos on your Windows PC - Apple Support

and

What to do: If your iCloud Photos aren't syncing to your device - Apple Support

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Important: If you delete items in sync on one device they are deleted everywhere that they are in sync.

ie: You can turn off sync. first.

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Re: "I want to copy all my photos and videos from my iPhone 14 Pro to an external hard drive"

See how to: Transfer photos and videos from your iPhone or iPad to your Mac or PC - Apple Support

Or

Sync your iPhone, iPad, or iPod using your computer - Apple Support

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Re: "Is there a reliable way to copy all the photos, and be sure they've all been copied?"

Sorry I have no recent experience in using Windows, so can not say for suere.

Apple support does have articles online that may or may not help:.

Eg: Transfer files between your PC and devices with iTunes - Apple Support

Microsoft may have PC info. / tips I don't know about.

All the best :-)

You might try to connect an exFAT formatted USB drive to the iPhone and export to that (it might be best to let iPhone format the drive).

I have tested copying iOS/iPadOS photos to Windows 10 only in a limited manner on a virtual machine on the Mac so that is not a very realistic scenario (iPadOS 18 did not seem to honor automatic .heic and HEVC conversion to .jpg and H.264 like earlier iPadOS did BTW).