I have had USB-C external drive connection issues since, at least, Sonoma, I am thinking as far back as Monterey. Disk Utility, Time Machine and other software have, at times, been unstable or virtually useless.
Now, since Apple Intelligence was released, CleanMyMac X fails to complete exhaustive scans, apparently because Spotlight (or its associated utility software) is constantly indexing my internal and single external (Time Machine) SSDs.
Time Machine sets that off as far as I can tell. Every hour, Time Machine backs up my 2021 M1 iMac, which sets off more indexing.
So it never stops, at times, radically slowing my system down and interfering with software performance and I/O while consuming memory as well.
I believe Apple knows about this and either can’t or won’t resolve the USB-C issues on M series Mac’s.
There seems to be hundreds of people mentioning similar and likely related issues on these forums as well.
Good luck.