OK, also here, IMAP stopped working on my Iphone after upgrade to IOS 18.
Ipad remained working on IOS 17.
Installing another mail client on the Iphone fixed the issue, clearly Apple changed something in their Mail app.
Had contact with customer support a few times, but what strikes me is that they are not aware of anything that changed!
I also used self signed certificate for years. After playing around for a while I decided to replace them with Let's Encrypt certificated.
Then it instantly started to work again and the error messages on the server side were gone, indicating the client had difficulties with the self-signed certificate.
So Apple, please fix the self-signed certificate support again and, AT LEAST, inform the public and your helpdesk people that something has changed so people like use are/can be informed.
Lacking information and transparency here is killing!