crackling/popping in audio via lightning jack on iPhone 12 mini

When playing audio through the lightning jack, I get a crackling/popping sound that is usually almost as loud as the audio and very irritating. Starting playback while locked or unlocked makes no difference, and this does not happen with bluetooth devices or the phone speaker. It isn't specific to one accessory, as this happens both in my car and if I attempt to use a 3.5mm to lightning adapter for earbuds. I know both work because I have tested them with my previous phone (SE gen 2), and there are no issues.

I have been trying to diagnose this issue with all the relevant posts I can find here and it's achieved nothing. Here's a list of everything I've tried thus far:

Restarted the phone normally

Forced restart

Tried different cables

Reset all user settings

Firmware updated my car unit

Cleaned out lightning jack

Updated iOS (several times, now running 16.5)

This issue has persisted since I got the phone almost a year ago, and I've been troubleshooting it off and on since then until it finally got irritating enough to do something about it. I bought the phone brand new, and it did this out of the box, so I doubt it's anything I did to it.