On Ventura, found mine here:
~/Library/Containers/com.apple.Stickies/Data/Library/Stickies/
You'll see a series of GUID hashed folder names. Each one is a sticky note. Inside each you will find RTF (Rich Text Format) files and any image files such as PNG, JPG, etc.
How did I locate the files? Well in Activity Viewer I searched for Stickies and clicked on the ⓘ button on the toolbar and then clicked on the Open Files and Ports. That lists all the open files and network ports in use by the running process. Found the location there.
Granted, that won't help when you can't keep the process running. But that's what you have Apple Support Communities for.
So what now? Well I would copy the com.apple.Stickies folder somewhere safe like your Desktop. Then I would delete the ~/Library/Containers/com.apple.Stickies entirely. Then launch Stickies and it should create the default Sticky notes. Then you can create blank stickies and copy / paste your notes retrieved from the RTF files.
Alternatively, you probably should consider using Notes instead. Stickies is more of a demonstration App that is tossed in for free with macOS. It's not received many updates and it has rather limited functionality. While Notes is cutting edge and adding excellent features all the time. Reminders is quite good as well. You do lose the floating sticky nature of a note that way. But maybe keep the important stuff in Notes / Reminders and only use Stickies for short term use.