Is Apple able to replace a 2012 Macbook Pro battery?

FYI, the MBPro 13" (mid 2012) non-Retina model is still fully supported by Apple since it was still being sold as late as 2016 or 2017 and it is not on the "Vintage" or "Obsolete" list of products:

Obtaining service for your Apple product after an expired warranty - Apple Support

Yes, all the other 2012 models are Obsolete.

I'm sure the 13" non-Retina model will soon be "Vintage" though.

Apple Retail Stores are no longer able to offer battery services due to that Mac's "obsolete" status, but an Apple Authorized Service Provider may have some alternatives.

If all else fails, consider OWC / MacSales: https://eshop.macsales.com/item/NewerTech/BAP13MBU74V/

"Ships in 34 Days" 😳

Aftermarket batteries are less than ideal and quality can be unpredictable, but OWC is a reputable vendor. Consider that only if there is literally no other alternative, which is likely to be the case with a 10 year old Mac.