The only way to automatically have the documents synced to both Macs is to use iCloud Drive. Then when you get home an on your local WiFi they will be synced.
Other than that you will have to manually sync the files between the two. The best opeiotn for that is Carbon Copy Cloner . You would have to connect the two Macs via cable and use the MBP into Target Disk Mode and sync the folders where the files of interest are located.
With iCloud Drive there's always a version of the files on your Mac in the User/Home/Library/Mobile Documents folder:

which you can access via the Finder's sidebar for use when you're not able to get on WiFi.
