but I cannot find this payment anywhere in my Apple ID purchase history or in my subscriptions. I checked: • Settings → Apple ID → Subscriptions • Purchase history • reportaproblem
In Report a Problem, and if you use Family Sharing, be sure to let it look as all family members:

If Apple does NOT show a record of the charges in your history as you report, it is very likely that scammers have gained access to your credit card or bank number and are pretending to be Apple. It happened to us. Criminals "spoof" big retailers using not stolen cards, but stolen card numbers,
If that is the case, Apple will have no record of what criminals do, and only your CARD ISSUER or BANK can remedy it. When it happens to use we disputed the charge with our card issuer and they had the charges identified as bogus, removed the charged, and issued my wife a new account number, all in just over 24 hours.
If your financial company has not heard of this, they are behind the times. Its been going on over ten years. See these articles from financial news sites:
https://www.foxbusiness.com/personal-finance/credit-card-statements-scam-charge
https://www.chron.com/business/moneytips/article/Check-Your-Statements-For-This-Long-Running-Scam-13888458.php