iCloud storage versus data phone storage

I have 5gb of iCloud storage and 256gb capacity of data storage on my iPhone 16e. I’m pretty frugal on my iCloud so that I don’t have to pay for the extra iCloud storage. But, 1. how do I use the 196gb I have available in case I approach the 5gb on iCloud? Or 2. am I already using it and just don’t know it? 3. Can I check the 60gb that’s showing as being used on my iPhone capacity? 4. If so, how?