Apple Pencil not pairing with iPad

See >>> Charge your Apple Pencil and check the battery - Apple Support

All rechargeable batteries, regardless of battery chemistry, require maintenance through periodic charging. In this regard, the battery within the Apple Pencil is no different to any other device that is powered by an internal battery.

If your Pencil has been set-aside for an extended period, unused and uncharged, the Pencil battery may now be irretrievably damaged through deep discharge. In common with all Li-ion batteries, they must always have some level of charge.

The tiny internal Li-ion battery is susceptible to permanent/irreversible damage through being left discharged for long periods. Even some “new” pencils can exhibit signs of failure out-of-the-box if they are “old stock”. 

It is essential that if you have an Apple Pencil that you charge it regularly - whether used or not - so as to protect the battery from deep-discharge. Do not allow a pencil to remain in low-charge state for any period of time - as the internal battery will fail, rendering the Pencil useless. Setting aside an unused Pencil, for extended periods, is a recipe for premature death of the Pencil battery.

If the Pencil Battery has failed, the only remedy is to replace the Pencil. If the battery has failed and your pencil is within its one-year warranty, you should look to having it replaced by your retailer or at an Apple Store.

Some reports suggest that gentle warming of the Pencil (such as a hot water radiator) prior to attempting charging of the Pencil can resurrect a Pencil battery.

What is a "good while?" Months, years? Rechargeable lithium batteries, like those used in the Apple Pencils, if left uncharged for long periods of time will lose their ability to be charged.