Please contact the bank and escalate the issue to a higher support level. When the banks app is used to verify the card and device, it bypasses the majority of Apple’s security measures. Apple still shares some basics about your Apple Account (formerly Apple ID) and your device shares some of its settings and usage data. You can learn more in the support article I linked to below.
I suspect it’s the PNO blocking the card. If they continue to be unable to resolve the issue you can try contacting Apple Support and start with remote diagnostics of the device to eliminate the chance its hardware related.
If you’re in the US please call 1-800-MY-APPLE or outside the US, consult the support articles below. In Canada call 1-800-263-3394
Contact Apple for support and service - Apple Support
Official Apple Support