How do I resolve multiple partitions and insufficient space for Boot Camp installation on Mac?

I am trying to use bootcamp to install windows on my macbook pro (early 2015, 2.7 GHz Dual-Core Intel Core i5, 8 GB 1867 MHz DDR3). Initially I wasn't able to because there was a problem with my disk as I received this error message: "Your disk could not be partitioned An error occurred while partitioning the disk. Please run First Aid from within Disk Utility to check and fix the error.".

I ran First Aid from Recovery on my two disk volumes, Untitled 1 and Untitled 1 - Data, and got the following error message for the latter: "First aid process has failed. If possible back up the data on this volume.". I backed up my data earlier in the day so I proceeded to erase both volumes, reinstall the macOS (Monterey) and restore from back up, which was a suggested fix.

Now I am trying to run bootcamp again but I received the message, "The disk does not have enough space to be successfully partitioned. Your disk can only create a 30 GB partition. The Boot Camp partition requires at least 42 GB.", which was strange because I didn't have that problem before. I opened up Disk Utility and to my surprise, I now have a lot more partitions. I don't know why this happened and I don't know how to fix it and return it to what it was before.

[Re-Titled by Moderator]