Photos imports the metadata with the picture. It doesn't display all metadata, but if you export the picture to a separate file, like for backup or to send to someone, you find that all the metadata is still there. Photos itself shows created date, location, camera model, shutter speed, ISO, aperture, Lens name, focal length, file name, title, caption, keywords, and some other stuff.
If you have pictures organized with folders in Mac's Finder, you can import them keeping them in separate albums with the Finder Folder names. You can put similar albums into folders, to keep those together. All that organization will copy to a phone through iCloud.
I'm not quite sure what you mean by "including those in photo libraries." Do you have multiple Photos Libraries? Getting pictures from one Library to another might involve some choices. You can certainly use Photos' menu "File>Import" to import pictures from other Photos Libraries, but you lose the albums and folders. If you've put lots of effort into organizing a Photos Library with albums and folders, then you may need the help of an additional app.
Macs can use multiple Photos Libraries-- you just double click on the one you want to use. But only one of them, the System Library, can connect to iCloud. For instance, I have a "Favorites" Library that is the one I sync to my phone and iPad, rather than transferring all pictures to those devices.
Let us know how it goes…