BigSnuffy wrote:
Sorry for the confusion Grant, I seemed to have hijacked dragos's original post with my own different one.
I was just wondering why my M4 Pro Mac mini can't do what my M2 Pro Mac mini does, i.e. power the same 15 inch portable monitor on its own without requiring external power, I'm using the same cable on both. Could it be something to do with the Thunderbolt 5 port.
Here's my understanding of the specifications. I could be wrong.
USB 2.0 – A host port should provide up to 2.5W of 5V power (500mA @ 5V).
USB 3.0 – A host port should provide up to 4.5W of 5V power (900mA @ 5V).
USB-C – Cables should be capable of carrying 15W of power (3A @ 5V), however this requirement in and of itself does not obligate a USB-C host port to provide 15W of power. (If I look at the fine print on the bottom of my 29W Apple USB-C power brick, it says "Output: 14.5V == 2.0A (USB PD) or 5.2V == 2.4A" – that is to say it offers only 12.48W of non-negotiated 5V power, which would be within a generic USB-C cable's safety margin.). If you were to plug a USB accessory that only speaks USB 3.* (not Power Delivery) into a USB-C port, that accessory should not expect to be able to draw more than 4.5W from that port.
USB-C – Power Delivery allows provision of up to 240W of power (5A @ 48V) in either direction – if both devices agree, and the cable has embedded chips to indicate that it is safe to use it for USB-C Power Delivery. (The first version of Power Delivery only supported delivery of up to 100W (5A @ 20V), which is why the 16" M1 {Pro / Max} MBPs can fast-charge over MagSafe 3 but not over USB-C.)
NOTE: If you connect two devices that support USB-C Power Delivery with a USB-C cable that does not, the negotiation of high levels of power delivery should, and likely will, fail. This is a safety precaution to keep you from, say, running 100W of charging power into a laptop over a cable that can only safely handle 15W.
Thunderbolt – On devices that support Thunderbolt 3 and USB4, one Thunderbolt port should provide a minimum of 15W (3A @ 5V) of power; others can provide as little as 7.5W (1.5A @ 5V) of power. I believe that Thunderbolt 4 (and 5) may raise that minimum requirement to 15W (3A @ 5V) on all Thunderbolt ports. A host with Thunderbolt ports may offer more power / higher voltages to accessories (via PD negotiation), but is not required to do so.
I'm not sure if the 15W or 7.5W minimum applies if a port is operating in a NON-Thunderbolt mode, such as USB 3.* mode or DisplayPort Alt Mode.