When dealing with plain text, Numbers will recognize a specified character (default is the comma ( , ) as a signal to move to the next column in the tale, and a return to start a new row.
Return appears to be treated the same way in your example, but I don't see what is triggering the column jumps.
I did notice, though, that your TextEdit file is Rich Text Format ( .rtf ) rather than plain text.
With that in mind, try this:
Make a copy of the Text Edit file, then open the copy in TextEdit and use Format (menu) > Make Plain Text change the copy from rtf (rich text) to plain text (.txt).
TextEdit will warn you this change will replace the opened file with the plain text conversion, (which is the reason you are working with a copy).
Copy the text from the now-converted file, select the top left cell (single click) of the Numbers table, then Paste.
Regards,
Barry