It is highly frustrating to have access to all your recovery methods yet still be blocked by an "Invalid or Unsupported" error or a lack of verification codes. This situation typically occurs when the automated recovery system detects a security conflict, often triggered by the device being formatted while Find My was still active.
The "Invalid or Unsupported" message usually suggests that the Apple ID is in a "locked" or "inactive" state due to multiple failed attempts or suspicious activity, which prevents standard recovery emails from being sent. Since you have access to the original email and phone numbers, the most effective path is to use the Account Recovery process at iforgot.apple.com. If you are not receiving the codes, check your "Junk" or "Spam" folders in Outlook and Gmail, and ensure there are no blocks on short-code SMS messages from your mobile provider.
If the automated system continues to fail, you will likely need to initiate a formal Account Recovery request. This process is designed specifically for situations like yours where the device is formatted and locked; it bypasses immediate verification and uses a waiting period to confirm your identity. During this time, Apple will verify the information you provided against their records. You can check the status of this request at any time at the same iforgot website.
If the device itself is stuck on an Activation Lock screen (asking for the Apple ID and password to even use the phone), and you cannot recover the account, you can submit an Activation Lock support request. Since you are the original owner, you can provide your proof of purchase to Apple, and they can manually remove the lock from the device hardware.