How to resolve USB port problems on MacBook Air M1?

Hi!

i got a m1 macbook air second hand. The usb ports work for charging and according to system information, it recognizes plugged in devices correctly, but I cannot do anything with them. Tried about half a dozen usb devices. I cannot access external storage or my phone and I cannot program microcontrollers. I'm on sequoia 15.4, but the isue was present before as well. What can I do?

Cheers

Johann

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