The only way you can track your iPhone is with Find My. Also providing the IMEI number is no use, as only your carrier can use it to track your iPhone, and they will only do so with a court order or when someone’s life is in imminent danger.
I would advise you to turn on Lost Mode, report it to your carrier and local law enforcement. If your iPhone shows up, do not follow it, that can put your safety at risk. Instead as I stated, contact local law enforcement.
You may get some messages claiming to be from Apple or Apple Support stating your iPhone has been found, but do not interact with those or click any links. That is the thief who found your iPhone which is trying to get you to remove your iPhone from Find My, making the device fully usable to them. Also, Apple will never contact you saying your device was found.
The odds of your iPhone being recovered are very slim.
Please also take a look at the following articles ⇢
Find your lost iPhone or iPad - Apple Support
If your iPhone or iPad was stolen - Apple Support