“iphone not syncing all media from computer: Thanks. I just remembered I hadn't replied to this. [..]My iphone storage screen is still a mystery to me. […]I don't understand how the 1.16 GB is supposed to include 50.11 GB.”
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You are welcome.
Thanks for the followup reply.
Excellent job troubleshooting this!
Reset to Factory Settings:
Googling this for a bit in various forums, the quickest work around is the reset your phone to factory settings. So, if that is something you are up for doing, you’d perform as instructed here, including the backup creation: How to Factory Reset your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch - Apple Support.
Other than that…
Trash each app, one at a time, until you see this go away.
System Data (Formerly called “Other):
Note that restoring from a backup would just bring this all back, from what I am gathering over all of this. So, this means that this has nothing to do with caches. But, see if you need to clear those, as well. Use my User Tip for this: How to Clear "Other" in your iPhone's Storage - Apple Community